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pulmonary hemorrhage
Pulmonary hemorrhage (or "pulmonary haemorrhage") is an acute bleeding from the lung, especially in the upper respiratory tract and the trachea. When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive, associated with bleeding in other sites as well as more than one third of the lungs.〔(Pulmonary Hemorrhage Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual. ) UCSF Children's Hospital at UCSF Medical Center. 2004:The Regents of the University of California. Retrieved 2008-10-28.〕 The onset of pulmonary hemorrhage is characterized by oozing of bloody fluid from the nose and endotracheal tube, as well as to a lesser extent in other places, accompanied by rapid worsening of patient respiration, cyanosis and, in severe cases, shock.〔 Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities (e.g. disorders of coagulation). A blood transfusion may be necessary.〔
==Incidence==
The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10% of neonatal autopsies, but up to 80% of autopsies of very preterm infants.〔 The incidence is 1 in 1,000 live births.〔 Pulmonary hemorrhage has a high mortality rate of 30% to 40%.〔
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